The battle for Saltville, Virginia, on October 2, 1864, was characterized by a fierce engagement between Confederate and Union forces. Union Brigadier General John W. Foster led an expedition aimed at seizing the strategically important saltworks in Saltville, which were vital for the Confederate war effort. The Union's plan involved launching an offensive to disrupt these resources and gain a foothold in the region, attempting to exploit perceived weaknesses in the Confederate defenses.

However, the Confederate forces, commanded by Major General John C. Breckinridge, mounted a robust defense. The battle commenced as Union troops advanced towards Saltville. Despite initial successes, the Union soldiers were unable to maintain their momentum in the face of stiff resistance, ultimately suffering heavy casualties. The Confederates not only repelled the attack but also seized the opportunity to counterattack effectively, leading to a decisive Confederate victory.

The aftermath of the battle turned particularly grim, as Confederate troops committed atrocities against wounded Union prisoners. Reports indicated that many injured soldiers were executed, a violation of wartime conventions regarding the treatment of prisoners. This massacre further escalated tensions and fueled violence and retribution on both sides, as it highlighted the brutal nature of the war and the increasingly harsh conditions faced by soldiers and civilians alike in this divided nation.