The conflict began with coordinated Chinese offensives against Indian positions in Ladakh and across the McMahon Line, an area that had been a point of contention between the two nations. China's military strategy involved not only direct assaults but also strategic maneuvering to cut off Indian supply lines. The offensives were marked by the use of superior logistics and tactical planning which allowed Chinese forces to gain significant ground in the disputed areas. Prior to the conflict, tensions had escalated over border demarcations and territorial claims, with both nations holding strong to their respective interpretations of the McMahon Line. The Indian government, under Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, had underestimated the potential for conflict, believing diplomatic channels could resolve the disputes. As a result, India's preparedness for the unexpected aggression was limited, resulting in initial territorial losses. Over time, the conflict spiraled into a larger confrontation that would persist for weeks, ultimately leading to a ceasefire and a lasting impact on Sino-Indian relations. The war tested India's military readiness and resulted in a reevaluation of its defense strategies in the region.