The capitulation of Tainan was a crucial moment in the Japanese conquest of Taiwan, culminating the extensive military campaign that followed the First Sino-Japanese War. After China was defeated in the war, the Treaty of Shimonoseki, signed in April, ceded Taiwan to Japan. However, local resistance continued, spurred by patriotism and the efforts of key figures such as General Liu Yongfu, who led the local armies against Japanese forces. Tainan, known for its strategic significance, became the last bastion of resistance, where various battles unfolded for weeks, leading to heavy casualties on both sides.On October 21, after fierce fighting and recognizing the futility of continued resistance against superior Japanese forces, General Liu Yongfu decided to surrender. The Japanese army, equipped with modern artillery and tactics, had overwhelmed the Chinese defenders, marking a decisive end to hostilities in the region. The surrender symbolized not only the fall of Tainan but also the complete domination of Taiwan by Japan, which would alter the island's governance, infrastructure, and cultural landscape for the subsequent fifty years.The Japanese administration implemented various reforms aimed at modernization, including infrastructure development, public health initiatives, and education reforms, which significantly impacted Taiwan’s subsequent economic trajectory. The contest between the local populace's quest for independence and the imposition of colonial rule shaped Taiwan's identity in the years to come, laying foundations for future movements against colonial powers.