In the context of ongoing hostilities between Spain and England, the second Spanish Armada was intended to target England and support Spanish interests in the region. King Philip II aimed for a decisive victory to curtail English naval power, which had been increasingly bold following previous conflicts, including the successful defense of England against the first Spanish Armada in 1588. The fleet comprised around 140 ships and thousands of soldiers, making it a formidable force as it departed from Spain toward its intended destination.

However, the Armada’s mission faced immediate challenges as it attempted to navigate the treacherous waters near Cape Finisterre. On October 24, 1596, a series of unexpected and violent storms struck, battering the ships and causing significant chaos among the fleet. Reports indicate that the storms led to the loss of numerous vessels, while many others were left severely damaged and in need of repair. As the situation worsened, Admiral Manuel de Oquendo, who commanded the fleet, had no choice but to order a retreat to port.

The retreat underscored the vulnerability of maritime operations during this era, heavily influenced by weather patterns and geographical challenges. With many ships destroyed or incapacitated, the Spanish Armada's attempt was not only a strategic failure but also dealt a blow to the morale of the Spanish crown and its naval aspirations in the English Channel and the broader Atlantic. Once again, England's defenses proved strong against Spanish aggression, as the country successfully repelled another invasion from its formidable foe.