Felim O'Neill of Kinard, a significant figure during the Irish Rebellion of 1641, took a decisive step by issuing the Proclamation of Dungannon. This proclamation was pivotal; it laid down the rationale behind the uprising against the English Parliament's oppressive policies in Ireland. O'Neill, representing a faction of Irish Catholics, emphasized that the rebellion was not against the monarchy itself but against the overreach of British rule, which had resulted in significant injustice and hardship for the Irish people.

The Dungannon Proclamation highlighted key issues such as land grievances, religious freedom, and the lack of representation for Catholics in governance. O'Neill called for unity among the Irish and appealed to King Charles I for a fairer treatment of his Irish subjects. This appeal was made amidst growing tensions between the Catholic population, who felt increasingly marginalized, and the Protestant settlers supported by England. The proclamation served to justify the uprising, framing it as a necessary response to years of neglect and oppression.

As the rebellion unfolded, the proclamation galvanized support among the Irish populace, leading to the formation of a confederation that would fight for their rights. The document thus not only marked a key moment in Irish history but also showcased the complex relationship between Ireland and England during a period of significant political unrest throughout Europe.