In a dramatic change of political landscape, Getúlio Vargas emerged as a key figure as he led a coalition that orchestrated a bloodless coup against the First Brazilian Republic. This insurrection was primarily fueled by popular dissatisfaction with the political elite, which had governed Brazil through a system that favored a few powerful state oligarchies, particularly in São Paulo and Minas Gerais. Vargas, along with military leaders and other supportive civilian factions, was able to mobilize support amid the political chaos sparked by the disputed presidential elections of that year. The previous incumbent, Washington Luís, was viewed as an ineffective leader, facing opposition from various states seeking more representation in the federal government.The coup itself unfolded without significant armed conflict, an unusual aspect in a region often characterized by political violence. Vargas' leadership was facilitated by a combination of military support and popular grievances against the ruling party's corruption and authoritarian tendencies. His ascent to power marked the end of the First Republic, which was characterized by the 'Coffee with Milk' policy, a political arrangement that allowed São Paulo to dominate power while sharing it with Minas Gerais. The coup ultimately established the Vargas Era, which would see Brazil undergo significant social, economic, and cultural transformation over the following decades, fundamentally changing its national identity and governance structures.