In October, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) launched operations to assert control over Tibet, aiming to solidify China's territorial claims. The invasion culminated in the Battle of Chamdo, where PLA forces encountered the Tibetan military, which struggled to mount effective resistance. By the latter half of the month, the PLA achieved significant advances, prompting negotiations that led to a ceasefire and an agreement for Tibet’s autonomy under Chinese governance. This marked a turning point in Sino-Tibetan relations and set the stage for subsequent policies aimed at integrating Tibet into the People's Republic of China. The military campaign underscored the strategic importance of Tibet in Chinese politics, given its geographical location bordering India and other nations.

The aftermath involved not just military conquest but also efforts to consolidate political control. The Chinese government instituted the Seventeen Point Agreement, which promised to maintain Tibetan autonomy in exchange for recognizing Chinese sovereignty. This agreement was met with varied responses among Tibetans, some viewing it as a legitimate compromise, while others viewed it as coercive. In the years that followed, dissent against Chinese policies would eventually lead to uprisings and significant cultural upheaval in Tibet, making the 1950 invasion and subsequent ceasefire a critical juncture in the region's history.