SS Principessa Mafalda was a luxurious Italian liner, built for the Italia Società di Navigazione. Launched in 1925, it was celebrated for its elegance and modern amenities, including a swimming pool and stylish interiors. On its maiden journey, the ship left Genoa for South America, carrying many immigrants and wealthy passengers seeking opportunities in the New World. Unfortunately, disaster struck off the coast of Brazil due to a combination of mechanical issues and human error. The vessel began taking on water, and despite the crew's endeavours to rectify the situation, it became apparent that the ship was doomed.

Panic spread as the water levels rose, and the lifeboats were inadequate for the number of passengers onboard. The sinking occurred rapidly, and many people were unable to escape. Rescuers arrived promptly but were met with the challenge of rough seas that complicated the rescue efforts. Ultimately, 314 individuals lost their lives, making it one of the deadliest maritime disasters of the era. The loss spurred significant discussions about maritime safety standards and regulations, highlighting deficiencies in existing protocols and equipment.

In the aftermath of the disaster, investigations were launched, and the image of luxury travel by sea was forever altered. The tragedy shed light on the need for improved safety measures and better-equipped vessels to prevent future occurrences. This incident made an indelible mark on the maritime industry and raised awareness about the importance of rigorous safety checks, leading to reforms that would shape maritime transport for years to come.