Mount Merapi is renowned for its frequent eruptions, being one of Indonesia's most active volcanoes. The eruptions began in late October 2010 and marked a period of significant geological activity. The series of eruptions were preceded by increased seismic activity, which served as a warning to local residents. As lava and ash ejected from the crater, pyroclastic flows barreled down the slopes of the volcano, destroying homes and agricultural land. The Indonesian government, in response to the imminent threat, conducted evacuation efforts, relocating approximately 350,000 individuals to safer grounds.

The eruptions resulted in devastating loss of life, with 353 fatalities reported. Many of these casualties were attributed to the rapid advance of pyroclastic flows and ash falls that engulfed nearby villages. Emergency services faced enormous challenges as they struggled to offer relief and support to the displaced population. Health concerns arose from the volcanic ash, leading to respiratory issues and other health complications among evacuees.

Aside from the immediate human toll, the eruptions disrupted the local economy, which heavily relied on agriculture and tourism. The aftermath saw long-lasting impacts on the landscape and small communities that had to grapple with rebuilding their lives in the wake of such a natural disaster. International organizations and governments around the world extended their aid to assist in recovery efforts, highlighting the need for better disaster preparedness in vulnerable regions.