The proclamation of John VI Kantakouzenos as Byzantine Emperor initiated the Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347, a tumultuous period characterized by intense political strife and division within the empire. Following the death of Emperor Andronikos III, the power vacuum triggered rival claims to the throne from opposing factions. John VI, who had served as a regent during Andronikos's reign, seized the opportunity to assert his rights to the imperial title. His claim was supported by a faction of the aristocracy and allies within the military. However, his ascendance was fiercely contested by another powerful faction led by Alexios Apokaukos, a prominent lay leader, and by the supporters of the late emperor's son, John V Palaiologos.

This civil war escalated into a series of bloody confrontations, deeply impacting the stability of the Byzantine Empire. The conflict saw various battles, shifting allegiances, and significant interventions by foreign powers, including the Ottoman Turks. Throughout the war, the governance of Constantinople was called into question, and the resulting weakening of central authority marked a critical decline in Byzantine power. Additionally, the war led to significant social unrest and economic distress, as the empire struggled to maintain order and defend against external threats.

John VI Kantakouzenos would eventually emerge as a significant figure in Byzantine history due to his political maneuvers and literary contributions during his reign. He attempted to stabilize the empire through reforms and diplomacy, but ultimately, his reign was marred by the ongoing civil war and the increasing challenges posed by external threats. The ceaseless conflict would culminate in his abdication in 1354, but it altered the course of Byzantine politics and society for years to come.