The formation of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (Uzbek SSR) came as a result of significant shifts in the Soviet Union’s approach towards its diverse ethnic groups in Central Asia. The early 1920s were characterized by the Bolshevik Party's desire to consolidate power and promote socialism throughout various autonomous regions. As a response to these dynamics, the All-Union Central Executive Committee ratified the establishment of the Uzbek SSR on October 27, 1924. This decree recognized Uzbekistan as a separate national administrative unit within the Soviet Union.

The Uzbek SSR encompassed a wide variety of ethnic groups, notably Uzbeks, Tajiks, Kazakhs, Turkmens, and others, reflecting the ethnic complexity of Central Asia. Capitalizing on a mix of local governance and Moscow’s overarching leadership, the Uzbek SSR was tasked with promoting socialist ideals among its population. A major goal was also to combat illiteracy and modernize agriculture through various Soviet policies, while simultaneously fostering a sense of Uzbek nationalism within the socialist framework.

This new republic not only altered administrative boundaries but also led to significant changes in cultural policies. The Soviet regime implemented affirmative action policies that endorsed the use of local languages and cultural expressions. This was seen as a strategy to garner loyalty from various ethnic groups and promote a socialist identity while adhering to the tenets of Soviet ideology. The establishment of the Uzbek SSR marked a pivotal moment in the nation-building process under Soviet rule, setting the foundations for future developments in the region throughout the 20th century.