In a startling turn of events in Pakistan's political arena, General Muhammad Ayub Khan orchestrated a coup d'état, officially deposing Iskander Mirza, the first President of the country. This significant shift in power occurred after a mere 20 days following Mirza's appointment of Ayub Khan as the enforcer of martial law. The political instability that characterized Pakistan during this period stemmed from frequent changes in government and rising civil unrest fueled by ethnic and regional tensions.

As the political climate worsened, Ayub Khan's military background positioned him well amidst the turmoil. On the day of the coup, Ayub Khan moved swiftly, announcing the suspension of the constitution and the imposition of martial law. Iskander Mirza, who initially believed he could control the situation by utilizing military power, was outmaneuvered. The takeover was executed with minimal military violence, showcasing Ayub Khan’s strategic planning and the solid control of the military over the state.

Following the successful coup, Ayub Khan assumed the presidency himself, effectively establishing a military government that would last for a decade. His leadership led to significant political reforms, economic development initiatives, and a focus on modernization. The military's role in governance solidified further, which had long-lasting implications for Pakistan's political structure and civil-military relations.