The Declaration of Independence of New Zealand marked a significant moment in Māori self-determination and governance in the face of European colonization. On 28 October 1835, a gathering of Māori chiefs convened at Okiato, expressing their collective desire for autonomy. The primary author of the declaration was James Busby, who was appointed as the British Resident. The document was designed to establish the United Tribes of New Zealand, asserting the independence of the Māori people from colonial influence. Notably, the declaration articulated the chiefs' authority and their intention to create a unified front against the encroachment of settlers and foreign interests. The document was signed by over 30 chiefs, which illustrated a considerable degree of solidarity among the Māori tribes.The declaration emphasized the importance of international recognition, as the chiefs sought to legitimize their sovereignty in the face of growing pressures from the British Crown. It served as a foundational document regarding Māori governance and international relations. While the declaration was not recognized by Britain, it symbolized a clear attempt by Māori leaders to assert their rights and negotiate their position within a rapidly changing sociopolitical landscape. Despite the challenges that lay ahead, including the subsequent Treaty of Waitangi and its implications, this declaration remains a critical moment in the assertion of Māori identity and leadership.The establishment of the United Tribes was a precursor to further developments in New Zealand’s political landscape. As colonization progressed, the initial intentions behind the Declaration of Independence experienced various interpretations and conflicting interests, illustrating the complexities of diplomatic relations between Māori leaders and colonial authorities. The unification of tribes at this juncture highlighted both the aspirations and the vulnerabilities of the Māori population, setting the stage for future negotiations and conflicts.