The events leading up to Greece's rejection of Italy's ultimatum can be traced back to the broader context of World War II, where Italy, under Benito Mussolini, sought to expand its influence in the Balkans. On October 28, 1940, the Italian Ambassador to Greece, Emanuele Grazzi, delivered a harsh ultimatum to Greek Prime Minister Ioannis Metaxas, demanding the occupation of strategic locations within Greece. Metaxas responded firmly with a single word: 'Oxi' (No). This rejection resonated powerfully within Greece, galvanizing the public and unifying the nation against external aggression.

Within hours of the rejection, Mussolini ordered the invasion of Greece from Albania. Italian troops crossed the border and confronted Greek forces, expecting a quick victory. However, the Greeks mounted a strong defense, pushing back the Italian troops and initiating a series of offensives that would ultimately lead to the capture of parts of Albania. This unexpected resistance from Greece would surprise the Axis powers, illustrating the resilience of the Greek military and the spirit of its people.

The Greco-Italian War would become a significant front in the larger conflict of World War II, with Greece's resistance showing that the Axis powers could be challenged effectively. The subsequent events would draw other nations into the conflict, influencing military strategies and alliances, notably leading to British involvement in support of Greece.