Following years of authoritarian rule and civil unrest, Liberia transitioned into a multi-party system, marked most notably by the elections held in October. Major General Samuel K. Doe, who initially seized power in a coup in 1980, positioned himself as a reformer and a symbol of change. The election was historic as it was the first time in several decades that multiple political parties competed for the presidency, reflecting a desire among Liberians for increased political freedom and representation. The election was monitored by international observers who aimed to ensure a fair process amidst allegations of threats and manipulation from government authorities.

Doe's campaign emphasized national unity and economic recovery, appealing broadly to a population eager for stability after years of political violence. Nevertheless, the elections were marred with controversy as opposition parties raised concerns about the fairness of the electoral process and the safety of their supporters. Despite these concerns, Doe was declared the winner, a result that would lead to further political turmoil as opponents refused to accept the legitimacy of the election results, sparking unrest in the following years. The tension ultimately culminated in the civil war that began in 1989.

The significance of this election goes beyond Doe's victory; it represented a critical juncture for Liberia’s political landscape, allowing previously silenced voices an opportunity to participate in governance. The introduction of a multi-party system was intended to create a framework for future democratic governance, although the ensuing years would challenge the stability and credibility of this political system.