Following the end of World War I, the Ottoman Empire disintegrated, leading to the establishment of new nation-states in the Middle East. The League of Nations mandated Iraq as a British territory in 1920. Over the decade that followed, diverse political movements emerged within Iraq, advocating for independence and self-rule. Nationalist sentiments were particularly strong, fueled by growing public dissatisfaction with British control and the desire for self-determination. In 1930, the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty was signed, granting Iraq limited autonomy and laying the groundwork for full independence.

The official independence was proclaimed on October 3, 1932, following a formal request to the League of Nations by the Iraqi government. The British retained some influence, especially concerning military and foreign affairs, but the declaration was a crucial milestone in Iraq's journey as a sovereign nation. It marked the start of a new era of governance, allowing for the development of a national identity and structured political systems.

During this period, King Faisal I of Iraq played a significant role in promoting stability and unity. The transition towards independence set off discussions about state-building, governance, and civil society in Iraq. Though the nation faced numerous challenges in the following decades, the landmark event of achieving independence established a precedent for future aspirations toward full sovereignty.