The First Battle of Maryang San unfolded from October 3 to 7, 1951, during a period of stalemate in the Korean War. Commonwealth troops, particularly from the 25th Canadian Infantry Brigade, were tasked with capturing the crucial heights of Maryang San, a strategic location that provided advantages for controlling the surrounding regions. The battle commenced with an offensive aimed at dislodging entrenched Chinese units, who had fortified their positions effectively. Despite the geographical challenges posed by the rugged terrain and the onset of autumn weather, Canadian soldiers launched an assault that included artillery barrages and infantry movement to secure the hill positions.

Chinese forces were well-prepared and mounted a fierce defense, leading to significant casualties on both sides. The engagement highlighted the complexities of warfare in Korea, where soldiers contended not only with enemy combatants but also with harsh environmental conditions. After several days of fighting, the battle concluded with Commonwealth forces achieving their military objectives, albeit at a heavy cost. The importance of effective communication and coordinated assaults was underscored as lessons learned by commanders in subsequent campaigns.

Strategically, the successful capture of Maryang San bolstered the morale of the United Nations Command troops and exemplified the resolve of the Commonwealth nations involved in the conflict. The battle also allowed for deeper insights into the tactics employed by the People's Liberation Army of China. This engagement set the stage for further operations in the region, influencing military strategies for both sides going forward.