The Communist Party of Australia was formed in Sydney as a response to the growing interest in socialism following the Russian Revolution of 1917. The establishment sought to unify various leftist factions, including existing socialist and syndicalist movements, creating a cohesive political force advocating for workers' rights and revolutionary change. The meeting was held at the Trades Hall Association, where around 150 delegates representing different unions and leftist organizations converged to discuss the formation of a party that aligned with communist ideologies. J.B. Christofides was appointed as the first general secretary, emphasizing a structured approach to organize labor movements and promote socialist policies across Australia.

The party's founding generated significant discussions in Australian society, particularly through its campaigns that focused on workers' rights, anti-imperialism, and public ownership of industries. The Communist Party of Australia aimed to establish a voice within the broader labor movement that could influence political agendas and discussions. Over time, the party managed to gain various grassroots followers, leveraging the growing dissatisfaction with capitalist policies and practices during the post-World War I economic struggles.

Throughout the following decades, the Communist Party would face numerous challenges, including internal divisions and government repression, particularly during periods like the Cold War. However, it maintained a notable presence in Australian politics, advocating for social justice, anti-war sentiments, and international solidarity with other communist movements. The legacy of the party would continue to influence Australian leftist politics well into the late 20th century as new generations engaged with its principles and ideals.