In the second referendum on Quebec sovereignty, held in 1995, Quebec citizens faced a choice between remaining a province of Canada or becoming an independent nation. The referendum saw an exceptionally close result, with 50.58% voting against sovereignty and 49.42% in favor. The campaign for independence, led by the Parti Québécois, was marked by fervent public debates and significant emotional investment from the electorate. This vote reflected deep-seated sentiments around language, culture, and national identity in Quebec, where many citizens felt a strong attachment to their French heritage and sought greater control over their governance. Meanwhile, notable figures such as Premier Jacques Parizeau championed the Yes campaign, while the No campaign was led by figures like Prime Minister Jean Chrétien, emphasizing the economic uncertainties of sovereignty.

The referendum was characterized by a heavy media presence and numerous rallies, contributing to a mobilized and engaged voter base. In the weeks leading up to the vote, tensions rose, with differing opinions creating a palpable divide within communities. The close result underscored the complexity of Quebec's national identity and the significant cultural and political divides that existed. Following the vote, while the result reaffirmed Quebec's status within Canada, it also left lingering questions about the future of federalism and Quebec nationalism, indicating unresolved issues surrounding autonomy and self-determination.