EgyptAir Flight 990 was a scheduled international flight serving as a regular connection between New York City and Cairo. On October 31, 1999, shortly after takeoff from John F. Kennedy International Airport, the Boeing 767 experienced a sudden and catastrophic loss of altitude. Despite being equipped with modern safety features, the aircraft crashed into the Atlantic Ocean near Nantucket, Massachusetts. Tragically, all 217 people on board, including passengers from various countries and a crew of 11, perished in the accident.

The aftermath of the crash initiated extensive rescue operations, but no survivors were found. Investigations led by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) alongside Egyptian authorities revealed complexities surrounding the flight's operation. Initial hypotheses included mechanical failure, but further evidence suggested there might have been issues with the aircraft’s autopilot system and behavior of the crew. The investigation was marked by international collaboration and scrutiny, highlighting the tension between US and Egyptian perspectives on aviation safety regulations.

The final NTSB report concluded that the cause of the crash was likely due to a combination of technical malfunction and pilot actions that may have contributed to the descent. The findings prompted discussions on aviation safety and the need for improving training protocols for pilots, especially in situations that might lead to a loss of aircraft control. This led to a series of recommendations aimed at bolstering safety measures in international aviation operations.