In 802, political tensions within the Byzantine Empire reached a boiling point resulting in a coup against Empress Irene. Known for her controversial rule, Irene had become increasingly unpopular among the nobility and military elites. Her reign saw the empire undergo significant turmoil, largely due to her handling of military affairs and economic policies. On October 31, a group of conspirators led by powerful nobles executed their plan to remove Irene from power. They saw in Nikephoros, the minister of finance, a figure who could restore stability to the empire. Thus, they deposed Irene and sent her into exile on the island of Lesbos, far from the political intrigues of Constantinople.

Irene's deposition effectively ended her reign, which had been marked by her earlier accomplishments, such as the restoration of the icons. However, her policies and approach to governance increasingly alienated key factions within her rule. The new emperor, Nikephoros, initially received support as he promised reform and a return to stronger governance, marking a shift in the political landscape of the empire.

The event had significant ramifications for the Byzantine political system. It highlighted the fragile nature of power and the willingness of the elite to act against an emperor, even one who had been the first woman to govern in her own right. While Irene left a mixed legacy, her deposition set the stage for future power struggles within the Byzantine Empire as political factions jostled for influence.