The Holy League of Aragon, the Papal States, and Venice was formed in response to the aggressive territorial expansion of France under King Louis XII. This coalition sought to protect the sovereignty of the Italian states, which were constantly at risk from the French incursions into their territories. The original Holy League was primarily conceived as a military alliance to repel future French interventions and was rooted in the complex feudal and political relations of early 16th-century Italy. The three main states involved—Aragon, the Papal States, and Venice—each had a vested interest in maintaining their territorial integrity; thus, a pact was deemed necessary to counterbalance French influence.The alliance aimed to formalize mutual defense commitments and coordinate military strategies among its members. Although the League had varying levels of military capability, the military resources and naval supremacy of Venice were seen as crucial in balancing the scales against France. The political climate at the time was extremely volatile, as multiple states eyed each other with suspicion and resentment, making collective security initiatives complex yet essential. Negotiations and attempts at diplomacy accompanied the military preparations, showcasing the intricate dance of war and politics in Renaissance Italy. Ultimately, this coalition would engage in several military confrontations against the French, shaping the politics of the region profoundly.