The Rome General Peace Accords represented a pivotal moment in Mozambique's history, effectively concluding a 16-year civil war that began in the late 1970s. The conflict was primarily fought between the ruling Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO) and the opposition National Resistance Movement of Mozambique (RENAMO). The war was rooted in ideological divisions and had devastating effects on the country's social and economic landscape, leading to significant loss of life and displacement of populations.

Negotiations for the peace accords took place in Rome, Italy, and involved extensive dialogue between both parties, supported by international powers and organizations. Notably, the United Nations played a crucial role in facilitating the discussions and monitoring the ceasefire. The agreement included provisions for disarmament, the establishment of a multiparty political system, and the conduct of free elections, all of which were aimed at promoting a democratic transition in Mozambique.

The signing of the agreements marked the culmination of various efforts, including the involvement of prominent figures like Joaquim Chissano, then President of Mozambique, and Afonso Dhlakama, leader of RENAMO. The accords were met with both hope and skepticism from the population, as many were uncertain if the peace would hold. However, they set the stage for subsequent elections in 1994, which were a significant step towards democratic governance in the country.