The Nez Perce War, which erupted in 1877, was a significant conflict between the Nez Perce tribe, led by Chief Joseph, and the United States government. Triggered by tensions over land treaties and federal policies, the war highlighted the growing discontent among Native American tribes facing encroachment on their territories. As U.S. settlers moved westward, the Nez Perce resisted relocation from their ancestral lands in the Pacific Northwest. Their defiance led to a series of skirmishes and battles. The Nez Perce strategy involved a tactical retreat through difficult mountainous terrain, aiming to reach Canada where they hoped to find refuge from U.S. forces.After several battles, including significant encounters at the Clearwater and Lolo Rivers, the Nez Perce found themselves cornered by U.S. troops. On October 5, 1877, Chief Joseph surrendered to General Oliver O. Howard at Bear Paw, Montana. In a poignant speech, he expressed deep sorrow for the suffering of his people, marking a profound moment of reflection and recognition of their struggles. His plea for justice and understanding resonated beyond the immediate conflict, symbolizing the broader struggle of Native Americans during this period of violent displacement and cultural erasure.