The Peace Congress convened in Paris in 1900 was a pivotal moment in international civil rights discussions as it focused on the ongoing Second Boer War between Britain and the Boer Republics of the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. Delegates from various nations, including prominent figures advocating for peace and self-determination, united to explicitly denounce the British administration's tactics and assert the Boers' right to independence and self-governance. The meeting was timely as it coincided with increasing awareness of the war's brutality and the humanitarian implications of British policies in Southern Africa.

The congress yielded significant resolutions that called for an end to hostilities and highlighted the moral obligation of the global community to support nations under colonial oppression. Participants utilized powerful rhetoric to frame the struggle of the Boers as emblematic of a broader fight for rights and liberty against colonial expansion, thereby galvanizing international public opinion against Britain’s imperialistic actions. This gathering not only sought to provide support to the Boers but also aimed to set a precedent for similar international interventions in the future.

The discussions at the congress reflected a rising anti-imperialist sentiment at the turn of the century, demonstrating a pivotal shift in international relations where issues of sovereignty and national identity became increasingly urgent. As word of the congress spread, it inspired various movements across Europe and beyond that sought to address colonialism not just as a geopolitical issue but also as a social and moral crisis, laying the groundwork for future self-determination movements globally.