The revolution that culminated in the overthrow of the Portuguese monarchy on October 5, 1910, was the result of growing discontent among various segments of society against King Manuel II's regime. The roots of this dissatisfaction can be traced back to political instability, economic troubles, and a desire for greater democratic representation. In the years preceding the revolution, numerous political and social movements gained momentum, advocating for republicanism and social reform. Key groups, including the Portuguese Republican Party, spearheaded these initiatives, leveraging public discontent to rally citizens against the monarchy.

On the day of the revolution, a well-coordinated uprising took place in Lisbon. Armed soldiers and civilian supporters rallied in the streets, where they faced limited resistance from royalist forces. The decisive battles unfolded quickly, leading to the capture of strategic locations throughout the city. As the monarchy collapsed, King Manuel II fled to exile, and leaders of the revolution declared the establishment of the Portuguese Republic in a dramatic shift in the nation's governance.

Following the successful revolution, the new republican government faced the enormous task of consolidating power and addressing the myriad challenges confronting Portugal. The republic's establishment signified a memorable turning point in Portuguese history, as it ushered in an era of political reform aimed at modernizing the country and empowering its citizens. Despite early optimism, the new government struggled with political factionalism and economic difficulties, which would later lead to further unrest.