In October 1934, Lluís Companys, the President of the Generalitat de Catalunya, took a decisive step toward asserting Catalan sovereignty by proclaiming a Catalan State. This declaration came in the midst of widespread dissatisfaction with the central Spanish government and its inability to address the pressing needs and ambitions of Catalonia, particularly following the national elections that led to the rise of conservative elements. The proclamation was also fueled by strong support from the Workers' Alliance, which reflected the labor movement's desire for autonomy and better conditions. The event unfolded in Barcelona, Catalonia's vibrant capital, known for its rich political history and cultural dynamism.

The background to this historic moment is deeply rooted in the political landscape of Spain during the early 20th century. Catalonia had experienced a surge in nationalist sentiment, particularly after the establishment of the Second Spanish Republic in 1931, which granted the region a degree of autonomy. However, tensions escalated as the political climate shifted, with nationalist aspirations often at odds with the central government’s stance. Companys' declaration was met with immediate resistance from the Spanish government, which viewed it as a direct challenge to the constitution and national unity.

Following the proclamation, violence erupted as Madrid deployed military forces to suppress the Catalan uprising. These events led to clashes on the streets of Barcelona and culminated in the arrest of Companys and his fellow leaders. The proclamation lasted only a few days before being quashed, but it highlighted the ongoing struggle for Catalan identity and autonomy. The temporary rise and fall of the Catalan State would leave lasting scars and lessons on the pursuit of self-determination in Spain and significantly impact future Catalan movements for independence.