Jeanne Mance, a remarkable figure in the early history of Montreal and the establishment of New France, founded the Hôtel-Dieu, the first lay hospital in North America. This significant achievement took place amidst the challenges faced by early settlers, including harsh living conditions, disease, and the need for medical care. Mance, who arrived in Quebec in 1641, was profoundly moved by the plight of those suffering from illness and the absence of adequate medical facilities. With the support of local officials and the Jesuits, she dedicated herself to the establishment of a hospital that would provide care to the needy, regardless of their social status.

The Hôtel-Dieu was located in Ville-Marie, which later became known as Montreal, and its establishment was not merely a response to the needs of the population but also a reflection of Mance's deep commitment to humanitarian values. She envisioned a place where the sick could receive not only medical care but also spiritual support. The hospital served as a refuge for the sick and destitute, including Indigenous peoples, showcasing early attempts at integration and mutual support between different cultures. The institution became a model for future healthcare systems in Canada and demonstrated the indispensable role of women in early colonial society.

The opening of Hôtel-Dieu occurred during a period of growth for Montreal, as the city was evolving from a small outpost into a burgeoning center of settlement and trade. Mance's efforts were crucial in this transition, establishing the foundation for organized healthcare services that would soon expand throughout the region. Her proactive approach served as an early catalyst for advancements in public health, setting a precedent for future healthcare policies and practices in Canada. Mance's hospital continued to operate for centuries, contributing significantly to the health and well-being of the Montreal population and influencing medical care in North America.