The establishment of the Peruvian Navy was a pivotal moment in the country's ongoing War of Independence against Spanish colonial rule. In 1821, following the declaration of independence by José de la Riva Agüero, the need for a naval force became increasingly evident. The strategic coastal geography of Peru necessitated a robust maritime presence to protect its shores from potential Spanish naval interventions and to facilitate the transportation of troops and supplies. The newly formed navy was tasked with safeguarding these interests and asserting Peru's sovereignty on the high seas.

The formation of the Peruvian Navy was led by influential leaders who recognized the importance of a maritime defense strategy. The initial fleet comprised a few vessels, including frigates and smaller ships, which were repurposed from Spanish holdings or constructed locally. The establishment of naval bases helped ensure training and operational readiness for the navy, which played a crucial role in various naval engagements against Spanish forces. Close coordination between the army and the navy was essential to execute joint operations, aiming to weaken Spanish influence in the region.

Through the establishment of the navy, Peru began to develop a sense of national identity that transcended colonial ties. With naval power, Peru could engage more effectively in battles such as the ones fought at sea, gaining control over important trade routes and blocking Spanish reinforcements. This development laid the groundwork for a more unified and independent Peru, allowing it to emerge as a significant player in South America after the war concluded.