In 1967, Che Guevara was deeply involved in an attempt to spark a revolutionary movement in Bolivia, inspired by his experiences in Cuba. After leaving Cuba, where he had been an influential figure in the revolutionary government, Guevara aimed to spread Marxist uprisings throughout Latin America. He began organizing a small group of fighters in the Bolivian jungles, hoping to inspire local peasants to join the cause. However, the mission faced numerous hurdles, including limited support from the local populace, logistical difficulties, and increased surveillance and military activities by the Bolivian government.

On October 8, Guevara and his men were engaged in combat when they were surrounded and captured by the Bolivian military, advised by the CIA, near the village of La Higuera. Guevara's attempts to communicate with his comrades were rendered futile, leading to his eventual capture. After being taken prisoner, Guevara made a valiant but ultimately unsuccessful effort to appeal to the Bolivian government for his release because he believed his longer-term vision for revolution was misunderstood.

The events that unfolded following his capture were consequential: Guevara was executed shortly after, and news of his death resonated worldwide, solidifying his status as a martyr in the eyes of many leftist movements. This moment marked a significant turning point in the perception of guerrilla warfare and revolutionary activities in Latin America, raising questions about the efficacy and future of such movements.