During the American Revolutionary War, Savannah, Georgia, was a key objective for both British and combined Franco-American forces. The British fortified the city, making it a strategic stronghold after successfully capturing it in 1778. In the fall of 1779, a combined assault was organized by American General Benjamin Lincoln and French Admiral François de Grasse d'Estaing, aiming to liberate Savannah and diminish British power in the southern colonies. The plan involved a coordinated attack on British defenses, expecting to exploit vulnerabilities identified through prior reconnaissance. However, the British, commanded by Major James Mark Prevost, were well prepared and effectively repelled the assault. The siege, which had begun earlier that year, turned into a devastating confrontation that would result in significant casualties on both sides.

The assault commenced on October 9, 1779, with Franco-American forces launching artillery barrages followed by infantry advances. The defenders used the city's natural terrain and fortifications to their advantage, resulting in fierce hand-to-hand combat. The weather also played a role in the chaos of the attack, impacting visibility and coordination among the attacking forces. The counterattacks by British troops were coordinated and ruthless, ultimately forcing the Franco-American forces to retreat. The event concluded with heavy losses for the besiegers, leading to demoralization among the troops and allies. Lincoln and d'Estaing both faced criticism following the failed operation, marking a pivotal moment in the campaign for Southern control.