The Universal Postal Union (UPU) emerged out of the necessity to streamline international mail services, which had become increasingly important in an era characterized by rapid industrialization and globalization. Before the UPU, sending mail across borders often resulted in confusion, delays, and exorbitant charges, dissuading many from using international postal services. The Treaty of Bern was borne out of discussions among representatives from 22 countries, who convened in Bern, Switzerland, to address these challenges. The founding nations recognized that establishing a standardized set of rules and rates for international mail delivery would significantly enhance communication and commerce between nations.

The UPU's initial treaty included provisions for uniform postage rates, regulations for mail delivery, and partnerships among member countries to ensure a seamless flow of mail. The establishment of the UPU was revolutionary, as it provided the foundation for expanded international cooperation in postal services, allowing not only for personal correspondence but also facilitating international trade and diplomatic communication. The UPU became a specialized agency of the United Nations in 1948, further promoting its mission of universal postal service.

As the UPU developed, it adapted to technological advancements throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, including the advent of airmail, telegrams, and the internet. Its role in modern logistics and e-commerce cannot be understated, as it enables businesses and individuals to connect globally with relative ease. By fostering international standards, the UPU has significantly reduced costs and improved service quality, ensuring that the world remains interconnected through the postal service.