The conflict for the English throne began after the death of Henry I, who left no direct male heir. His daughter, Empress Matilda, was designated as his successor, but this was contested by her cousin, Stephen of Blois. Following a series of battles and political maneuvers, the tides began to turn against Matilda, particularly after the siege of Oxford. In late 1141, Stephen managed to capture Matilda's stronghold, which effectively shifted the balance of power. Matilda had been recognized as 'Lady of the English' in a bid to legitimize her claim, but Stephen's ability to rally the support of key nobles and military forces proved pivotal. During this period, Matilda faced not only military challenges but also significant issues in propaganda and public perception, which were critical for her legitimacy as ruler.

After her forces had besieged Stephen in Lincoln, the ensuing battle resulted in his capture. However, instead of consolidating her power, Matilda's leadership faced difficulties, and she struggled to maintain cohesion among her supporters. Stephen’s advantage grew stronger as he received support from certain factions of the nobility, who were swayed by the prospect of stability under his rule. By early November, the tide had turned, and Stephen was able to reestablish himself as King of England, marking the end of Matilda’s brief reign.