The Boston Female Medical School opened its doors in 1848, responding to the urgent need for trained female physicians at a time when women were largely excluded from formal medical education. Founders such as Dr. Samuel Gregory believed in the necessity of female doctors to provide care for women and children, who had previously been largely treated by male physicians and were often hesitant to seek medical assistance. This institution was groundbreaking, as it offered women the chance to gain the knowledge and skills required to practice medicine independently, signifying a shift in societal norms regarding women's roles in professional fields.

Initially, the curriculum was designed to challenge the preconceptions about women's capabilities in medicine. It included courses in anatomy, chemistry, and surgery, which were radical for the time. Despite numerous challenges, including societal resistance and financial struggles, the Boston Female Medical School aimed to validate women's potential within the medical realm. The school became a beacon for aspiring female doctors, attracting students from various backgrounds who were determined to overcome gender barriers in education and practice.

In 1873, the Boston Female Medical School became a part of Boston University School of Medicine, ensuring its legacy continued as a pioneer in women's medical education. This merger marked a significant development in the evolution of medical training for women, allowing graduates to receive a degree from a recognized institution, thereby enhancing their professional standing. The institution's establishment and subsequent merging represent significant strides toward gender equality in medicine, profoundly influencing the landscape of healthcare and women's representation in the field.