Li Bian, originally a military leader under the Wu State, exploited the political chaos and instability that characterized the late 10th century in China. Emerging from the backdrop of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, he orchestrated a coup against Emperor Yang Pu, successfully deposing him and consolidating power. This strategic maneuvering allowed Li Bian to declare himself the emperor, adopting the name Xu Zhigao. His ascension marked a significant shift as he founded the Southern Tang dynasty, which would last until 975, distinguishing itself with cultural and political accomplishments despite being one of the smaller states of the time.

The abrupt transition from Wu State rule to the newly established Southern Tang highlights the complexities of regional dynamics in a time rife with conflict. The Southern Tang government sought to bring stability and prosperity to its domains, recognizing that military prowess alone would not secure its longevity. Under Xu Zhigao’s direction, there was an emphasis on governance, culture, and economic development, which became cornerstones of the dynasty’s institution.

The new era ushered in by Xu Zhigao’s rule also played a crucial role in fostering cultural exchanges and advancements, particularly in arts and literature during the Southern Tang period. As a result, the Southern Tang became known for its patronage of poets and artists, contributing significantly to the rich tapestry of Chinese history and culture during the 10th century.