The Treaty of Granada was a pivotal agreement between Louis XII of France and Ferdinand II of Aragon that sought to partition the Kingdom of Naples. At the time, the kingdom was a focal point of tension between European powers, particularly due to its wealth and strategic location in the Mediterranean. Following Louis XII's military campaign in Naples, the need for a diplomatic resolution arose to prevent further conflict over territorial claims. This treaty laid the groundwork for a power-sharing arrangement where both monarchs could exert influence over different parts of the kingdom without engaging in prolonged warfare.

The treaty stipulated that Louis XII would retain control over the northern parts of Naples while Ferdinand II would govern the southern regions. This agreement highlighted the complex interplay of politics and military strategy characteristic of the Renaissance period. Both leaders recognized the benefits of cooperative governance to bolster their respective interests in Italy. The agreement also hinted at the nature of alliances and rivalries in Renaissance Italy, where dynastic marriages and treaties could swiftly change the political landscape.

The Treaty of Granada ultimately set a precedent for future territorial negotiations among European monarchs. Although the agreement was fraught with challenges, including the local resistance and the aspirations of other powers like the Pope and the Venetian Republic, it represented a significant attempt at diplomatic engagement in an era often dominated by warfare. The collaboration between France and Aragon during this period was temporary, as subsequent conflicts would eventually arise, altering the power dynamics within southern Italy once again.