The operation, named 'Pillar of Defense,' began as Israel sought to address the growing threat from Hamas, which had significantly increased its rocket attacks into Israeli territory. The escalation followed the killing of a Hamas military leader, Ahmed Jabari, by an Israeli airstrike. The IDF's operations aimed to degrade Hamas's military capabilities by targeting various sites within the Gaza Strip, including weapon manufacturing facilities and launching sites. The operation rapidly intensified with aerial bombardments, leading to significant civilian and military casualties.

The conflict's backdrop is rooted in years of tension between Israel and Hamas, particularly following the latter's takeover of the Gaza Strip in 2007. The two sides often engage in cycles of violence, and this latest military action was part of a broader struggle over land and sovereignty, coupled with deep-seated grievances on both sides. International responses varied, with some nations condemning Israel's military actions while others criticized Hamas for its rocket assaults.

The operation sparked a round of retaliatory strikes from Hamas, resulting in numerous casualties and escalated fears of a larger military confrontation. The media covered the event extensively, shedding light on the human cost in Gaza and the impacts on Israeli society, further complicating perceptions regarding the conflict. The fighting continued for several days, drawing attention and criticism from various global actors, emphasizing the need for a sustainable resolution to the longstanding conflict.