The declaration of independence by the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus emerged from a complex backdrop of conflict and political strife on the island of Cyprus. Following the coup d'état in 1974 that sought to incorporate Cyprus into Greece, Turkey intervened militarily, leading to the island's division. In 1983, following a protracted period marked by instability and an initial Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) being established in 1975, the TRNC's legislature declared independence. This act was largely facilitated and endorsed by Turkey, which has maintained a military presence in the northern part of the island since its intervention. The declaration set off a series of diplomatic tensions, as it was not recognized by the international community, save for Turkey, thus creating a unique and isolated political entity in the region.

The reaction from the Republic of Cyprus and the international community was one of condemnation, viewing the TRNC's declaration as an illegal attempt to partition the island. UN resolutions called for respect for the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus and highlighted the need for reunification. Despite this, the TRNC has operated as a de facto independent state, engaging in its governance and international negotiations, albeit severely limited due to its lack of broad recognition. This ongoing divide has led to a complex interplay of identity politics, national sentiments, and regional geopolitical tensions, further complicating the prospects for reconciliation and reunification of Cyprus.