The Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic made a landmark announcement proclaiming Estonia's sovereignty on November 16, 1988. This declaration took place within the context of the perestroika reforms initiated by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, which encouraged more liberal policies and allowed for greater local governance in the Soviet republics. The movement for greater autonomy had been gaining momentum in Estonia, driven by an increase in national consciousness and widespread dissatisfaction with Soviet rule.

The declaration signified a key moment in Estonia's struggle for independence. While it did not constitute a full proclamation of independence, it was the first time that an official body of the Estonian SSR openly recognized the idea of sovereignty. The declaration stated that Estonia was a nation with inherent rights, fostering a sense of national unity and purpose among Estonians. The declaration was met with widespread support from Estonian citizens who had been advocating for reforms and greater autonomy from Moscow.

This pivotal moment set in motion a series of events that would culminate in Estonia's formal declaration of independence in 1991. It prompted increased dialogue about the path forward for Estonia and highlighted the broader trend of nationalism that was taking hold across the Baltic states, signaling a major shift in the political dynamics within the Soviet Union.