The Tartu Art Museum was established as a significant cultural institution in Tartu, Estonia, with the goal of preserving and promoting Estonian art. The foundation aimed to celebrate local artists while also exhibiting international works. Established against the backdrop of the early Soviet occupation, it became a pivotal space for artistic expression in a challenging political climate. Lead by a group of local artists and cultural figures, the museum sought to counterbalance the oppressive regime's influence on cultural expression.

The museum's collection included works by notable Estonian artists, contributing to a rich narrative of national identity through art. Its launch in November 1940 marked a revitalization of the cultural scene in Tartu, an area historically recognized for its educational institutions and artistic endeavors. The museum not only showcased visual arts but also served as a gathering place for artists and citizens interested in the arts, facilitating dialogue and collaboration.

In the ensuing years, the museum became recognized for its collections and exhibitions, including a focus on modernist and contemporary Estonian art. It played a crucial role in the cultural life of Tartu, positioning itself as a beacon for artistic development and education.