In the wake of World War I, a wave of national awakening swept through many of the regions that had been part of empires, including Latvia, which emerged from years of Russian and German dominion. On November 18, 1918, the People's Council of Latvia formally proclaimed the country's independence in Riga, marking a definitive break from Russian influence. The declaration articulated the Latvian people's aspirations for sovereignty and self-governance and came at a time when many nations in Eastern Europe were seeking to define their borders and identities after the defeat of the Central Powers.

The process leading to Latvia's independence involved significant social and political upheaval. Local leaders, driven by national sentiment and the desire for liberation, worked to establish a framework for a new government. The Latvian National Council, formed during the tumult of the Russian Revolution and subsequent German occupation, played a vital role in advocating for the assertion of Latvian rights and identity. The move toward independence was not merely about separating from Russia but also about forming a cohesive national identity, which was shaped by the language, culture, and experiences of the Latvian people.

Following the declaration, Latvia faced immediate challenges, including the struggle to defend its new autonomy against various forces, including German troops and later the Red Army. The international context was equally complex, as other nations were navigating their post-war realities. Latvia's quest for recognition met with support and resistance, affecting its diplomatic endeavors in the years to follow. The 18th of November is now celebrated as Latvia's Independence Day, symbolizing the country's enduring spirit and the importance of self-determination in the face of adversity.