Mutesa II was crowned the 35th Kabaka of Buganda, marking a pivotal point in the history of the Buganda Kingdom, which is situated in present-day Uganda. The coronation took place at the royal palace in Mengo, where elaborate rituals steeped in tradition were observed in honor of the new king. Mutesa II’s ascendance to the throne came during a time of significant British colonial influence in Uganda, which complicated the dynamics between traditional kingdom structures and colonial governance. Notably, the ceremonies were attended by dignitaries, royals, and citizens, emphasizing the people's support and reverence for their cultural heritage. The occasion was not merely a personal milestone for Mutesa II but a reaffirmation of the Buganda Kingdom's cultural identity, which faced challenges from colonial policies that aimed to dilute traditional power systems.

As king, Mutesa II was not only a prominent figure in the Buganda Kingdom but also became a symbol of the broader nationalist movements that were emerging across Uganda. His reign was characterized by efforts to negotiate Buganda's interests with colonial authorities, particularly during the post-World War II period when anti-colonial sentiments were gaining momentum. The king’s commitment to preserving Buganda's traditions while navigating the complexities of colonial rule defined his leadership. Events like the coronation were pivotal in fostering a sense of unity and identity among the Baganda, which would be critical in later movements for independence and the eventual restoration of the kingdom in 1993.