The National Review was established in 1955 by William F. Buckley Jr., a prominent Yale graduate and intellectual, to serve as a voice for the conservative movement. Its mission was to provide an intellectual foundation for conservatism, countering the prevailing liberal consensus of the mid-20th century. The magazine’s first issue emerged in a political climate that favored liberalism, with the New Deal still fresh in the public's mind and the Cold War shaping foreign and domestic policies. The launch took place in New York City, a hub for political discourse and popular culture, strategically positioning the magazine at the center of influential discussions.

The initial publication set the tone for future issues with notable articles that challenged the status quo, including commentary on topics such as communism, American exceptionalism, and the role of government in society. Buckley and his contributors sought to articulate a coherent conservative ideology, blending traditional values with contemporary issues. The magazine quickly garnered a following among intellectuals, political figures, and citizens who felt that conservative voices were underrepresented in mainstream media.

Over the decades, the National Review has played a significant role in shaping the Conservative movement in the United States. It has influenced political thought, provided a space for emerging conservative writers, and helped galvanize action around key issues such as free markets, limited government, and traditional morality. The magazine became a critical platform for future conservative leaders, contributing to the eventual rise of figures such as Ronald Reagan in American politics, thus solidifying its long-lasting impact on the conservative landscape.