Jonathan Pollard, who worked as a civilian intelligence analyst for the United States Navy, was arrested on charges of espionage in 1985. Over a span of several years, Pollard had been leaking highly classified military documents and intelligence assessments to the Israeli government. This information primarily pertained to Arab nations and was considered vital for Israel's national security. Pollard's activities were conducted while he held a position in the U.S. Navy, allowing him access to sensitive data that he systematically passed on to Israeli officials.

The case attracted considerable media attention due to the nature of the allegations and the consequences of Pollard's actions. Not only did it damage U.S. trust in Israel regarding intelligence sharing, but it also prompted a reconsideration of the protections and controls surrounding classified information. Pollard was ultimately arrested after his espionage was discovered, leading to a significant trial that underscored the tensions surrounding espionage, national security, and foreign relations. Following his arrest, Pollard was sentenced to life in prison on charges of conspiracy to commit espionage, with the case sparking extensive discussions about the ethics and legality of spying among allies.

Pollard’s imprisonment has remained a contentious issue for decades, often cited by Israeli officials advocating for his release. The incident also prompted broader discussions on the implications of espionage, the balance of national security with international relationships, and the limitations of loyalty within government employ.