The Manchester Martyrs, consisting of John Daly, Michael O'Brien, and William Philip Allen, became emblematic of the Irish struggle for independence in the UK. They were involved in a violent episode on September 18, 1867, when they attempted to free two prisoners affiliated with the Irish Republican Brotherhood, who were being escorted in police custody. During the rescue attempt, they shot and killed a police officer named Sergeant Charles Brett, effectively marking a pivotal moment in the growing unrest surrounding Irish nationalist sentiments. The police responded swiftly, and the three men were apprehended shortly thereafter.

Their trial, which commenced on November 1, raised eyebrows due to its sensational nature and the political fervor surrounding it. The courtroom drama drew significant public interest, and despite attempts to portray them as heroic rebels, the Martyrs were convicted of murder. Their punishment was to be hanged, a sentence that would take place precisely three weeks after the trial’s conclusion. The executions occurred at the Manchester Gaol, an event watched by a crowd of thousands, many of whom saw the Martyrs as martyrs for the Irish cause, thereby inspiring further nationalist sentiments across the country.

The hanging galvanized many in the Irish community, leading to demonstrations and fervent discussions about Irish rights. It solidified the perception of Irish nationalists in the UK as desperate warriors fighting against oppression, a narrative that would linger in the public consciousness and impact subsequent movements for Irish independence. Their deaths further amplified calls for reform regarding Ireland’s status within the United Kingdom and the treatment of those advocating for Irish autonomy.