The discovery of an Italian garrison at Walwal by the Anglo-Ethiopian boundary commission occurred during a period of heightened tensions in East Africa. This commission was tasked with delineating the boundary between British-administered Somaliland and Ethiopia. The presence of Italian troops in Walwal, well within what Ethiopia claimed as its territory, was not just a breach of Ethiopian sovereignty but also a direct challenge to Britain's influence in the region.

As the commission conducted its work, the implications of the garrison's presence quickly became apparent. Ethiopia, under Emperor Haile Selassie, was striving to maintain its independence amidst the backdrop of European colonial expansion. The incident not only raised immediate concerns for Ethiopia but also reflected the broader strategic interests of Italy in the Horn of Africa, aiming to expand its colonial reach. In response, Ethiopian officials protested the garrison's presence, intensifying their diplomatic efforts to confront Italy's aggressive posturing.

The escalating situation at Walwal contributed significantly to the Abyssinia Crisis. As both nations prepared to defend their positions, diplomatic relations soured, leading to a series of ultimatums and confrontations. This incident can be seen as a catalyst that eventually led to the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, as national pride and the defense of territorial integrity became central themes in Ethiopia's struggle against foreign encroachment.