Following a week of intense and widespread protests known as the Velvet Revolution, Czechoslovakia's political landscape shifted dramatically when Miloš Jakeš, the leader of the Communist Party, alongside the entire Politburo, resigned from office. The Velvet Revolution was a peaceful uprising characterized by massive demonstrations that began in Prague as the citizens demanded political reforms, the end of censorship, and the establishment of democracy. Amidst a wave of public support and increasing pressure, the regime was unable to maintain control, allowing for negotiations and discussions that previously were considered impossible.

In this context, the protests were ignited not only by long-standing grievances regarding political repression but also by specific triggers, such as the brutal suppression of a peaceful student demonstration on November 17, which caught international attention. The mobilization of the populace, including students, intellectuals, and everyday citizens, underscored a collective desire for change and highlighted the stark contrast between the government’s authoritarian rule and the people’s aspirations for freedom and democracy.

Jakeš’s resignation marked a definitive break from four decades of Communist rule in Czechoslovakia, showcasing how civil society could leverage non-violent resistance to instigate significant political change. A transitional government was soon established to guide the country towards a democratic future. The Velvet Revolution not only transformed Czechoslovakia but also resonated throughout Eastern Europe, inspiring similar movements as the Cold War began to wane.