The Podgorica Assembly convened in November 1918, shortly after the end of World War I, during a period of political upheaval in the Balkans. The assembly was composed of elected representatives from various regions of Montenegro, most of whom favored closer ties with Serbia—an aspiration fueled by shared cultural and religious ties, as well as a common history of resistance against Ottoman domination. The decision was largely seen as a reaction to the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires, which had separated the Serbian and Montenegrin peoples for centuries.

During the assembly, a resolution was passed that declared the unification of Montenegro with the Kingdom of Serbia. The vote garnered over 90% approval, reflecting overwhelming support for the proposition among the delegates. This unification was promoted under the idea of a “union of the people,” which resonated with a vision of a greater South Slavic state that many in the region desired, embodying hopes for unity and strength against the backdrop of a newly reconfigured Europe.

Political leaders such as Montenegrin Prime Minister Sekula Drljević and Serbian leaders supporting the move considered this union as a step towards a consolidated state for the South Slavs, later materializing into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, established in December 1918. The assembly's decision thus played a pivotal role in shaping the post-war political landscape, influencing the trajectories of Montenegro, Serbia, and surrounding nations for years to come.