The Battle of Tarapacá was a crucial encounter during the War of the Pacific, which embroiled Chile, Peru, and Bolivia in a territorial conflict over valuable land and resources. The battle took place in the region of Tarapacá, an area contested following territorial disputes ignited by the discovery of lucrative nitrate deposits. Under the command of General Juan Buendía y Noreiga, the Peruvian forces confronted the Chilean Army, which sought to assert dominance in the region. The Peruvian Army's tactics demonstrated a blend of guerrilla warfare and conventional military strategy, which proved effective against the Chilean troops.

On the day of the battle, the Peruvian forces launched a surprise attack. The confrontation escalated quickly, leading to intense fighting. Buendía's leadership proved instrumental as he skillfully organized his troops and directed the attack, resulting in significant losses for the Chilean side. The engagement led to the death of two Chilean generals, which was a considerable blow to Chile's military command. In the chaos of battle, General Manuel Baquedano was captured, marking a significant morale boost for the Peruvian forces.

This victory at Tarapacá not only solidified Peru's military presence but also altered the dynamics of the War of the Pacific, where subsequent engagements would be influenced by the outcomes observed in this battle. The display of tactical prowess by the Peruvians illustrated their resilience, despite the broader challenges they faced throughout the war. The aftermath of the battle saw continued attempts by both nations to negotiate and strategize for upcoming confrontations, reflecting the high stakes involved in the ongoing conflict.