Spain's declaration of a protectorate over the northern shore of Morocco in 1912 was a crucial moment in the entangled colonial histories of North Africa. This move came in the wake of the Treaty of Fez, where France formalized its dominance over Morocco, leading to heightened tensions and a division of spheres of influence in the region. In this context, exploring Morocco’s various coastal cities became increasingly competitive, especially as Spain had long-standing interests in the area, particularly in Ceuta and Melilla, which had been under its control since the 15th century. The northern shores, rich in resources and strategically significant thus became a focal point for Spanish ambitions.The declaration was not merely a simple territorial acquisition. It was also a response to the looming threats posed by rival colonial powers in the region. Spain sought to secure its interests against the rising tide of nationalist movements and European intervention by asserting its control over northern Morocco. The region was seen as a vital area for economic exploitation and trade routes to the Mediterranean. Following this, the Spanish embarked on a plan to administer the area, establishing military and administrative structures to maintain their presence and influence.This protectorate was structured as a partnership with local Moroccan authorities, albeit under heavy Spanish oversight. Consequently, it led to a resistance movement and conflict known as the Rif War, highlighting local opposition to foreign control. In the long term, Spain's strategy and governance in northern Morocco would impact relationships in the region significantly, contributing to the complexities of Moroccan nationalism and the subsequent shifts in power dynamics through the 20th century.